Clinical study of retrograde intrarenal surgery and miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones with a diameter <1.5 cm / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS) and miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mini-PCNL) in the treatment of lower pole kidney stones with a diameter <1.5 cm.Methods:The data of 95 patients with lower pole kidney stones with a diameter <1.5 cm treated in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2017 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different surgical methods, the patients were divided into RIRS group and mini-PCNL group. There were 51 cases in RIRS group and 44 cases in mini-PCNL group. There was no significant difference in age [(48.2±11.4) years vs. (46.4±14.1) years], body mass index [(21.9±2.4) kg/m 2 vs. (20.7±3.2) kg/m 2], gender [male/female: 37/14 vs. 24/20], stone CT [(746.42±164.24)HU vs. (858.62±148.72)HU], creatinine [(71.3±21.6)μmol/L vs. (63.5±20.3)μmol/L], stone location (left/right: 26/25 vs. 23/21), stone diameter [(10.5±2.1) mm vs. (12.5±2.4) mm], infundibulopelvic angle [(43.32±9.42) degrees vs. (43.82±10.34) degrees], infundibular length [(24.92±4.85)mm vs. (24.37±5.26)mm] and infundibular [(9.26±3.04)mm vs.(9.46±2.94)mm] between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, stone-free rate, hospital stay and postoperative complications between the two groups were compared. Results:Compared with the mini-PCNL group, the RIRS group had significantly smaller decrease in postoperative hemoglobin [(1.53±0.92) g/L vs. (4.54±2.46) g/L, P<0.05], the postoperative hospital stay was shorter [(2.52±0.94) d vs. (4.51±1.25)d, P<0.05], and postoperative visual analogue score was lower [(2.43±0.92) vs. (3.24±0.76), P<0.05]. The operation time of the mini-PCNL group was shorter than that of the RIRS group [(42.32±13.28) min vs. (54.24±14.43)min, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications [5.9% (3/51) vs. 11.4% (5/44), P>0.05], postoperative cveatinine [(71.3±21.6) μmol/L vs. (63.5±20.3) μmol/L, P>0.05], postoperative intestinal function recovery time [(25.46±10.28)h vs. (32.43±9.25)h, P>0.05] and stone-free rate [92.2% (47/51) vs. 97.7% (43/ 44), P>0.05] between the two groups. Conclusions:Both RIRS and mini-PCNL are effective and safe minimally invasive treatments for lower pole kidney stones with a diameter < 1.5 cm. RIRS has shorter operation time, less blood loss, lower pain score and faster postoperative recovery.

Preliminary study on inhibitory effects of sub-MIC matrine alone or in combination with erythromycin On Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To observe the inhibitory effects of sub-MIC matrine alone and in combination with erythromycin on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms and their influences on morphological changes of the biofilms.Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of matrine and erythromycin against Staphylococcus epidermidis were determined by the serial dilution method,antibacterial activity of matrine combined with erythromycin against planktonic S.epidermidis was evaluated by the checkerboard method.S.epidermidis biofilms were constructed in vitro,XTT reduction assay was used to evaluate influences of sub-MIC matrine alone and in combination with erythromycin on metabolism and adhesion of S.epidermidis biofilms,and scanning electronic microscope(SEM) was applied to observe the morphological and the structural changes of the biofilms.Results The MIC of erythromycin to S.epidermidis was 7.8125 μg/ml,while the MIC of matrine was greater than 1000 μg/ml,besides,a synergistic effect between erythronmycin and matrine on planktonic S.epidermidis was shown (FIC＜0.5).The sub-MIC matrine had no significant inhibitory effect on adhesion of S.epidermidis,and also the combination of the two agents was better than was used alone.However,the sub-MIC matrine had inhibitory effects on metabolism and morphology of S.epidermidis biofilms,and the combination of the two agents was weaker than was used alone.Conclusion Both the sub-MIC matrine and erythromycin had a significant inhibitory effect on S.epidermidis biofilm formation.Combination of the two agents showed synergistic effects on plankton and adhesion of S.epidermidis,but showed no synergistic effect on metabolism and morphology of the biofilms.

Advances in the study of synergistic effect of anti-biofilm agents / 药学学报

Biofilms are communities of surface-associated bacteria or fungi embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix that are notoriously difficult to be eradicated and are sources of many recalcitrant infections. Treatment for biofilm infection with any individual drug is always less effective, while the combinations of different types of drugs are superior to monotherapy concerning the removing of biofilms. This paper focus on research progress in recent years for synergistic effect of drugs in combination against biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Study on andrographolide-induced apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilm dispersion cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the effect of andrographolide on apoptosis of Candida albicans biofilm dispersion cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The morphological changes of apoptotic C. albicans biofilm cells were observed by using Hoechst 33258 staining Fluorescence microscope; changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of C. albicans biofilm cells were detected by rhodamine 123 staining flow cytometry; and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DHR staining flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>1 000, 100 micromol x L(-1) of andrographolide could cause pyknosis and dense staining of C. albicans biofilm cells, 1 000, 100, 10 micromol x L(-1) of andrographolide could decrease MMP and increase ROS of C. albicans biofilm cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Andrographolide of appropriate concentrations could induce apoptosis of dispersion cells of C. albicans biofilms.</p>

Preliminary study of effects of andrographolide on Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide a new therapeutic approach for Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm-associated infections by the study of inhibitory effect of andrographolide (AG) on S. epidermidis biofilm.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>S. epidermidis biofilms were set up in vitro, erythromycin was acted as the positive control agent, XTT reduction assay was used to evaluate AG on the initial adhesion of S. epidermidis and bacterial metabolism within biofilm, microscope was applied to observe biofilm morphology, and Congo red assay was used to detect polysacchatide interc-ellular adhesion (PIA)formation when exposed to AG.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>AG showed inhibitory effects against the initial adhesion of S. epidermidis at concentrations of 1 000,100, 10 mg x L(-1), respectively,and inhibited metabolism of biofilm bacteria at the concentration of 31.25 mg x L(-1), and exhibited significantly inhibition against the biofilm morphology at the concentration of 250 mg x L(-1), while did not display inhibition against PIA formation at the concentration of 10 mg x L(-1).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>AG could remarkably inhibit biofilm formation of S. epidermidis, although it was less potent than erythromycin.</p>

In vitro activity of baicalin against non-albicans Candida biofilms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii biofilms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>96-well microtitre plates were used to set up the biofilms; microdilution method was applied to detect minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of baicalin for the four non-albians Candida, and XTT reduction assay was adopted to determine sessile minimal inhibitory concentration (SMIC) of baicalin against the four isolates and to detect the effects on adhesion of the fungal cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>MICs of baicalin for the four non-albians Candida cells were 125, 250, 125, 62.5 mg L(-1), respectively. The four non-albians Candida could form mature biofilms on 96-well microtitre plates. SMIC50 of baicalin for the four isolates were > 1000, 500, 125, 250 mg x L(-1), respectively. SMIC80 for the four isolates were greater than or equal to 1000 mg x L(-1). Baicalin showed potent inhibitory effects on adhesion of the four non-albians Candida cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin displays substantial inhibitory effects on C. parapsilosis, C. krusei and C. guilliermondii biofilm.</p>

Advances in study on traditional Chinese medicine against biofims / 中国中药杂志

Biofilms can evade antibiotics and immune attacks, and become liable to induce drug resistance, and correspondingly cause chronic and recalcitrant infection. traditional Chinese medicine show special advantages in treatment of biofilm infection. The author reviewed the reports concerning the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating biofilms in light of its own research in recent years, and summarized the research progress on traditional Chinese medicine intervening biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans.

Advances in past five years in study on traditional Chinese medicine against fungi / 中国中药杂志

Prevalence of fungal infection increased rapidly in recent years. The organisms developed resistance to conventional antifungal agents such as azoles and polyenes, while the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) showed certain advantages in the fight against fungal infections. This paper reviewed the latest research progress of TCM against common pathogenic fungi such as Candida albicans, Dermatophytes, Aspergillus, Malassezia, Fusarium oxysporum fungus, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformnans, and fungal biofilm.

Inhibitory effect of baicalin on germ tube formation and adhesion of Candida albicans / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of baicalin against Candida albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various concentrations of baicalin (100, 50, 10 mg x L(-1)) were incubated with C. albicans suspension, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and human buccal epitherial cells, the mixed suspension of C. albicans and vaginal epitherial cells, respectively. The effects of baicalin on C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells were then assessed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All concentrations of baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherent to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells,while there was no significant difference between standard and clinical strains.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Baicalin could inhibit C. albicans germ tube formation, and adherence to buccal epitherial and vaginal epitherial cells.</p>

In vitro activity of gallic acid against Candida albicans biofilms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of gallic acid against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>XTT reduction assay was performed to determine the effect of gallic acid on C. albicans biofilms and its adherence, and microscopic examination was conducted to assess the effect of gallic acid on morphogenesis of C. albicans biofilms; and cytotoxic assay was used to measure the adverse effects of gallic acid.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>SMIC50, SMIC50 of gallic acid against C. albicans biofilms were 500, 1000 mg x L(-1), respectively; 100 mg x L(-1) and 1000 mg x L(-1) of gallic acid could inhibit the initial adherence and filamentous growth, and the agent showed poor cytotoxic activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>gallic acid displayed potent activity against C. albicans biofilm.</p>